This chapter discusses why ocean circulation is changing, the variabilities in monsoon systems, and the El Niño phenomena. Ocean circulation responds to the amount of sunlight on the ocean surface; the open ocean is more steady that the coastal ocean. The most dramatic changes happen in the northern Indian oceans, where there is a strong seasonally changing wind with the monsoon system. The El Niño-La Niña, also called the Southern Oscillation, is a good example of the inter-annually varying wind system in the Pacific Ocean and has a large effect on fisheries and precipitation. We will have to see how thermohaline circulation is affected by climate change. 

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