Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

This chapter sinuses how agriculture contributes to and is affected by climate change and how it can reduce its negative contribution. The people who are most affected by climate change are those who are dependent on rain for farming. 15% of greenhouse gases come from agriculture and another 18% come from deforestation for farmland. The production of fertilizer, livestock rumination, burning of fields, and anaerobic processes in the soil produce a lot of greenhouse gases. There are many methods of livestock management and dietary innovation to reduce methane production, as well as changing types of fertilizer to reduce emission, etc. Climate change directly influences agriculture through rises in temperature, changes in rainfall amount and distribution, as well as in the frequency of extreme events like droughts and floods, and finally, through the salinization of aquifers. Volatile food prices effects food security. Farmers can diversify crops to those that are more adaptable and robust, they can change the density and timing of planting, build soil organic matter, practice hydrology management, etc. In terms of coping strategies, farmers can move to towns, or seek funds from relatives. There are a lot of irrigation practices, as well as social and market innovation to reduce vulnerability.

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