In this chapter, Cristina Villegas provides a summary of artisanal mining. Now, a lot of mining specialists are focusing on formalization, legalization, professionalization, and increased market access. She provides examples of initiatives such as Fairmined and Fairtrade that are reacting to consumers' increased interest in where their materials are coming from to help drive change. There have also been treaties signed, such as the Minamata Treaty of 2013, to take multi-pronged approaches to mining issues. Consumers can play a major role in regulating mining, and provide better solutions than military efforts.

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