The Exxon Valdez was the event that pushed the world to action when it came to oil spills; in this chapter, Daniel Franks takes a look at policy actions available to address environmental challenges. There are seven different types of regulation: international standards, legal instruments, norms and frameworks, industry standards, corporate standards and policies, government regulation, conditions on finance and share market activism, social regulations, and litigation. He goes into these all in more detail with examples drawn from the oil spill example, in order to highlight that government regulation is important, but it must work in conjunction with other instruments to drive change.

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