In this chapter, Michael Obersteiner discusses land conversion and looks at the impact of the biodiversity and climate scenario on policies of land conversion. He discusses mechanisms including leakage, the dominance of targets, and others using graphs. He shows projections and scenarios for 2030 for different policies according to different indicators including fertilizer, biodiversity, deforestation, water use, and emissions. He compares different scenarios to discuss trade-offs in terms of social and environmental safeguards of climate policies. In a world multiple goals, such as the SDGs, policy instruments must cut across many sectors.

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