In this chapter, Hugo Valin talks about how system analysis is used for globally consistent national mitigation planning. He uses the example of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of the Paris Climate Agreement, behind which there are many different types of commitments and targets for each country to explain the purpose of this multi-scale, multi-region, and multi-discipline systems analysis. A consistent analytical framework is needed to understand each country's level of contribution, whether the INDCs are feasible, and whether there are sufficient efforts to achieve climate stabilization.

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