How do the Sustainable Development Goals define the challenge around food and agriculture for the Mediterranean region, which vary from north to south and in areas of differing socio-political stability and climate systems? The Mediterranean Action Plan is an adaptation of international commitments to the Med in the context of the 2030 agenda and the SDGs. Agriculture remains a major economic sector in the Med and employs a third of the active labor force, making up more than the 10% of the GDP and up to 25% of trade. There is a high import dependence on agricultural products, scarcity of natural resources, especially water, and pollution of these natural resources, climate change and extreme weather events, as well as loss and degradation of land. The Med also suffers from the implementation of outdated infrastructure and food loss and food waste. More inclusive policies are needed in the region, as well as increased resilience of productivity to prove volatility and natural disasters. The Mediterranean diet should be promoted as it is tailor-made for local producers; the Blue Growth Initiative is the long-term European strategy for sustainable growth in the marine sector. This chapter is part of Module 1: The Mediterranean Challenges Around Food and Agriculture. This video is not available under a Creative Commons license and should not be considered open content. However, the video is freely available for viewing or sharing with individuals or groups for educational purposes, such as in a classroom, workshop, or training. Please give attribution to the SDG Academy. Content may not be used for commercial purposes.