The close relationship between an intangible cultural heritage element and the communities concerned is addressed in this chapter. Communities are involved in the creation, enactment and transmission of their living heritage, which only manifests itself through them. They constantly recreate their heritage in relation to the changes in their environment and social context. Therefore, intangible cultural heritage is a dynamic concept and safeguarding is about ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage with and by the community. Some examples are provided to illustrate this point.

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