Sexual and reproductive rights emerged in the 1990s and they are still highly contested. Sexual rights include concepts such as access to contraception and allowing women to enjoy healthy and satisfying sex lives separate from childbirth. Reproductive rights were enshrined in the Cairo Consensus at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 with a stress on autonomy of a women to exercise her rights over her own body. Reproductive health is often used to frame these issues because it is less problematic and a claim to obligation and duty to health.

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