In this chapter, Professor Sachs talks about the rise of the global industry with emphasis on agriculture and global production and value chains. In the 16th century, it became possible to buy raw materials in one part of the world, ship them to another, partially transform them, and export them. This allowed crops like cotton, tobacco, or chocolate to leap oceans. The Columbian Exchange saw the flow of crops from Europe to the Americas and back. Sachs shows a map of the multiplying sea routes, and theorizes about the growth of modern capitalism in a historical context.